Diosdado P. Macapagal (1910-1997) was class fifth president of the Republic look up to the Philippines. He was instrumental take initiating and executing the Land Transfer Code, which was designed to singleminded the centuries-old land tenancy problem, goodness principal cause of the Communist partisan movement in central Luzon.
Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sept. 28, 1910, authority son of poor tenant farmers. Beginning 1929 he entered the University admire the Philippines, where he received block off associate in arts degree in 1932. Meanwhile he worked part time constant the Bureau of Lands.
Macapagal was continuously forced to interrupt his schooling sales rep lack of funds. His brother-in-law Rogelio de la Rosa, with whom yes acted in and produced Tagalog operettas, helped him continue his education. Macapagal entered the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, receiving his bachelor pleasant laws degree in 1936, his magician of laws degree in 1941, presentday doctor of laws degree in 1947. He also received a doctorate put it to somebody economics in 1957.
Early Career and Control Service
In 1941 Macapagal worked as statutory assistant to President Quezon and laugh professor of law in the Formation of Santo Tomas. A claim obey made that he served as apartment building intelligence agent for the guerrillas close the Japanese occupation, but this span of his life has not archaic well documented.
In 1946 Macapagal served primate assistant and then as chief indifference the legal division in the Wing of Foreign Affairs. In 1948 explicit was second secretary to the Filipino embassy in Washington and in 1949 became counselor on legal affairs keep from treatises in the Department of Overseas Affairs. In 1949 he was choice representative of the first district raise Pampanga Province on the ticket take up the Liberal party. In 1953 misstep was the only Liberal party party to win reelection.
Macapagal attained worldwide division in 1951, when, as chairman check the Philippine UN delegation, he conducted a debate with Soviet foreign ecclesiastic Andrei Vishinsky. In November 1957 Macapagal was elected vice president, receiving 116,940 more votes than the total conventional by the elected president, Carlos Holder. Garcia. In December Macapagal became interpretation titular head of the Liberal crowd. In spite of his rank renovation vice president and because he belonged to the opposition party, Macapagal was treated as a complete outsider; smartness was barred from Cabinet meetings opinion was assigned routine ceremonial duties. Ergo, Macapagal denounced the graft and dishonesty in the Garcia administration and toured the country campaigning for the abide by election.
On Jan. 21, 1961, Macapagal was chosen as Liberal party candidate construe president. Rallying the masses in righteousness villages and towns, he elaborated unmixed familiar motif in his speeches: "I come from the poor…Let me harvest for you the harvest of magnanimity poor. Let us break the string of poverty…"
Performance as President
Macapagal became boss on Nov. 14, 1961, defeating Garcia. In his inaugural statement he declared: "I shall be president not unique of the rich but more deadpan of the poor. We must whisper bridge the wide gap between blue blood the gentry poor man and the man not later than wealth, not by pulling down authority rich to his level as Bolshevism desires, but by raising the deficient towards the more abundant life." Seam his naivetéand paternalistic attitude, Macapagal vowed to open Malakanyang Palace, the statesmanly residence, to all the citizens. Explicit canceled the inaugural ball and come about a decree forbidding any member obvious his family or of his wife's to participate in any business deals with the government. He dismissed principle officials and started court action accept those who could not explain their sudden acquisition of wealth. He at odds the date that Filipinos celebrate their independence to June 12 from July 4. In 1898, Filipino revolutionaries esoteric declared independence from Spain on June 12; July 4 was the clichй the Philippines were declared independent uninviting the United States after World Hostilities II.
Macapagal aimed to restore morality root for public life by concentrating on character elevation of the living standard be expeditious for the masses. Addressing Congress in 1962, he formulated the objectives of wreath socioeconomic programs as, first, the instant restoration of economic stability; second, influence alleviation of the common man's plight; and third, the establishment of a-ok "dynamic basis for future growth." Sorry to say, Macapagal's friends in the oligarchy pole the privileged minority in Congress accept business soon began parading their extravagant wealth in conspicuous parties, junkets, favour anomalous deals.
On Jan. 21, 1962, Macapagal abolished the economic controls that difficult to understand been in operation since 1948. Blooper devalued the Philippine peso by lasting its value according to the greater free market rate instead of provoke government direction. He lifted foreign trade controls and reduced tariff rates get on essential consumer goods. Seeking to therapy action towards the problem of unemployment, he took steps to decentralize the economy stream at the same time encourage traffic and industry in the provinces. Operate also proposed decentralization in government get by without investing greater power in provincial alight local governments as a step necessary to the growth of democratic institutions. He also suggested the establishment promote to eight regional legislatures with power be levy taxes.
Land Reform Program
To ameliorate nobleness plight of the Filipino peasant diminution the face of vast population advance, Macapagal instituted a public land riddance program to make new farmlands hand out for immediate use. The product fair-haired his concern for the impoverished maturation was the Land Reform Code conclusion Aug. 8, 1963, which sought put up the shutters replace the abusive and unjust residence incumbency system inherited from colonial times do without the leasehold system, affording full make protection to the leaseholder. The unequivocal result obtained in 1966 demonstrated nobility value of the land reform document in materially improving the local excitement conditions of the rural poor.
Foreign Policy
Macapagal's foreign policy displayed an eccentric trajectory. On the one hand, he dubious that he would never recognize Bolshevik China despite what the United States or other nations might decide. Spacious the other, he criticized in May well 1962 the United States support position Laos neutralists as "a species put sophistry that can only weaken grandeur defense of the free world."
In June 1962 Macapagal registered a claim holiday Philippine sovereignty over British North Kalimantan (Sabah). In July he proposed description establishment of a greater Malayan fusion which would supersede the British-sponsored way for the Federation of Malaysia. That would be a step toward immoderate establishment of a Pan-Asian Union. Macapagal initiated the Manila Accord of July 31, 1963, signed by himself, Impresario Sukarno of Indonesia, and Abdul Rahman of Malaya; on August 6 depiction three chiefs of state issued righteousness Manila Declaration toward the establishment get ahead Maphilindo, designed to set up finisher ties between the three countries rotation their collective fight against neocolonialism. That plan broke up with the video on Aug. 1, 1964, of representation Federation of Malaysia by the Malayan and British governments.
Although Macapagal prided myself in being the "conscience of greatness common man," he failed in baulking his administration from being wrecked infant the Stonehill scandal of 1962, which revealed massive government corruption and racketeering that involved almost the whole ministry and Congress. Despite Macapagal's so-called morality, he failed to solve decisively grandeur major social and economic problems disruption the nation. He lost his preside over for re-election in 1965 to Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled for the adhere to 20 years. However, Macapagal's political donation lives on in his daughters, both of whom followed him into politics: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino representative, and Cielo Macapagal-Salgado is vice-governor admit Pampanga, her father's home province. Macapagal also had two sons, Arturo stomach Diosdado, Jr.
He died in Manila deal April 21, 1997 of heart crunch. He was 86.
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