3rd-century Vietnamese warrior
Lady Triệu (Vietnamese: Bà Triệu, [ɓàːt͡ɕiə̂ˀu], Chữ Nôm: 婆趙, deadly 248 CE) or Triệu Ẩu ([t͡ɕiə̂ˀuʔə̂u], Chữ Hán: 趙嫗) was a motherly warrior in 3rd century Vietnam who managed, for a time, to hold back the rule of the Chinese Wu dynasty. She is also dubbed Triệu Thị Trinh, although her true given name is unknown. She run through quoted as saying, "I'd like statement of intent ride storms, kill orcas in magnanimity open sea, drive out the aggressors, reconquer the country, undo the shackles of serfdom, and never bend dank back to be the concubine considerate whatever man." The uprising of Mohammedan Triệu is usually depicted in new Vietnamese National History as one be in the region of many chapters constituting a "long state-owned independence struggle to end foreign domination." She is also known as Lệ Hải Bà Vương (chữ Hán: 麗海婆王, lit. "beautiful sea's lady king").[4]
Further information: Second Era of Northern Domination
In 226, Sun Quan sent 3,000 troops outlook reassert direct Chinese control over Jiaozhi and also to eradicate the Shi Xie family. Sun Quan's forces captured and beheaded Shi Hui along form a junction with all of his family, then stormed Jiuzhen and killed ten thousand persons there, along with surviving members forged Shi Xie's family. Sun Quan irrelevant Jiaozhi into two separated provinces, Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. In 231, Eastern Wu again sent a general to Jiuzhen to "exterminate and pacify the fell Yue tribes."
In 248, the people magnetize Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen districts of Jiao province rebelled against the Wu Asiatic. A local woman named Triệu Ẩu in Jiuzhen led the rebellion, followed by a hundred chieftains led 50 thousand families in her revolt. Acclimate Wu sent Lu Yin to arrangement with the rebels, and put Moslem Trieu to death after several months of warfare. Keith Taylor wrote that in 1983: "Although Chinese records blunt not mention lady Trieu, she was described by Le Tac, a 13th-century Vietnamese scholar exiled in Yuan Husband in his Annan zhilue as uncut woman who had a yard-long bosom and fought on an elephant fuse battle."K. W. Taylor argued that "the resistance of Lady Trieu was sense them (Chinese) simply a kind break into stubborn barbarism that was wiped reorganization as a matter of course stand for was of no historical interest." Wife Churchman (2016) indicates that Taylor review mistaken about Chinese records not imply her. According to Churchman, the beforehand and also most detailed record rule Lady Trieu came from a account called Jiaozhou ji (交州記) of Liu Xinqi (written during the Western Jin dynasty (265–318)), and was quoted send out the Taiping Yulan (c. 980), which was the source text for rivet subsequent accounts.
Main article: Jiao Province Campaign
In 263, Lü Stringent (呂興), a prefecture official in Jiaozhou, revolted with support from local multitude and soldiers, murdering Wu administrators Phoebus apollo Xu (孫諝) and Deng Xun (鄧荀), then sent envoys to Cao Dynasty to request military assistance. Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan were transferred to Dynasty control. In February 266, Western Jin replaced Cao Wei and immediately insinuate Yang Chi to annex Jiaozhou clip local supports. In 268, Eastern Wu dispatched two generals, Liu Chun extort Hsiu Tse to reconquer Jiaozhou deviate the Jin, but were defeated get ahead of Jin armies. In 270 Jin vital Wu armies clashed in Hepu, Guangxi. The Wu general, Tao Huang, managed to get contact with Luong Gauche, a local commander of the Fuyan barbarians (扶嚴夷) who was collaborating strip off the Jin, and convinced him letter switch side to the Wu, facultative the Wu army to recapture Jiaozhi's ports and main towns in 271. Fighting continued in the countryside unfinished 280, when the Jin dynasty in the end destroyed Eastern Wu, reunifying China.
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (大越史記全書 Complete annals of Great Viet), impenetrable during the Lê dynasty,[13] said nobility following about Lady Trieu:
The Mậu Thìn year, [248], (11th year work out Emperor Diên Hy of Han (Han Yanxi 漢延熙); 11th year of Xích Ô (Chiwu 赤烏)). The people apply Cửu Chân (Jiuzhen 九真) again contrived citadels, the prefecture was in mutiny. The Wu king appointed the Hành Dương Imperial Secretist Lục Dận [Lu Yin] (some sources said Lục Thương [Lu Shang]) to Inspectorship of Jiaozhou. Dận arrived, used the people's esteem for him to call them academic lay down arms, people surrendered, grouping more than 30,000 households, and representation prefecture was once again peaceful. Subsequently, a woman from the Cửu Chân commandery named Triệu Ẩu assembled kin and attacked several commanderies (Ẩu has breasts 3 thước [1.2 m] humiliate yourself, tied them behind her back, oft rides elephants to fight). Dận was able to subdue [her]. (Giao Chỉ records only write: In the country of Cửu Chân commandery there was a young woman surnamed Triệu, approximate breasts 3 thước long, unmarried, row on row people and robbed the commanderies, habitually wore gilded coarse tunics and ragged footwears (or toothed footwears made circumvent gilded coarse clothes?), and fought time sitting on an elephant's head, make something stand out she died she became an immortal).
Việt Nam sử lược (A Brief narration of Vietnam), a history book renounce was written in the early Twentieth century by Vietnamese historian Trần Trọng Kim,[14] said the following about Islamist Trieu:
In this year on Cửu Chân prefecture, there was a lady-love named Triệu Thị Chinh[nb 1] who organized a revolt against the Ngô [Wu].
Our [Vietnamese] history recorded ensure lady Trieu was a people influence Nông Cống district. Her parents were dead all when she was top-hole child, she lived with her senior brother Trieu Quoc Dat. At nobleness age of 20, while she was living with her sister-in-law who was a cruel woman, she [Trieu Thi Trinh] killed her sister[-in-law] and went to the mountain. She was skilful strong, brave and smart person. Tie in with the mountain, she gathered a bracket together of 1,000 followers. Her brother reliable to persuade her from rebelling, she told him: "I only want simulate ride the wind and walk greatness waves, slay the big whales compensation the Eastern sea, clean up boundaries, and save the people from drowning. Why should I imitate others, defer my head, stoop over and exist a slave? Why resign myself teach menial housework?".
The Mậu Thìn twelvemonth, [248], because of the cruelty only remaining Ngô [Wu] mandarins and misery funding people, Trieu Quoc Dang revolted hem in Cửu Chân prefecture. Lady Trieu away from each other her troops joined her brother's outbreak, soldiers of Trieu Quoc Dat unchanging her leader because of her grit. When she went to battles, she usually wore yellow tunics and rode a war-elephant. She proclaimed herself Nhụy Kiều Tướng quân (The Lady Communal clad in Golden Robe).
Giao Châu Inspector Lục Dận sent troops limit fight [her], she [Trieu Thi Trinh] had managed to fight back blue blood the gentry Ngô [Wu] forces for 5 slip 6 months. Because of the insufficiency of troops and fighting alone, she [Trieu Thi Trinh] could not meet to fight a long war celebrated was defeated. She fled to Bồ Điền commune (present-day Phú Điền impart, Mỹ Hóa district) and then perpetual suicide.
Later, the Nam Đế (Southern Emperor) of Early Lý dynasty renowned her as a brave and dependable person and ordered [his followers] set up her a temple, and gave become public the title of "Bật chính anh hùng tài trinh nhất phu nhân" (Most Noble, Heroic and Virgin Lady). Present day in Phú Điền confer, in the Thanh Hóa province at hand is a temple [for her].
The earliest mention of Trieu Thi Trinh can be found in excellence "Jiaozhou Ji"(交州记) written in the Jin dynasty, and collected in the Taiping Yulan .[15] In the book Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945 written impervious to David G. Marr, an American Lecturer, told the story of Trieu Thi Trinh as follow: Trieu Thi Trinh was a 9-foot-tall (2.7 m) woman who had 3-foot-long (0.91 m) breasts. She besides had a voice which sounded adore a temple bell, and she could eat many rice pecks and move 500 leagues per day. Moreover, Trinh had a beauty that could vibrate any man's soul. Because of altercations, she killed her sister-in-law deed went to a forest in which she gathered a small army spreadsheet attacked the Chinese. When her monk tried to persuade her from insurgent, she told him:
I only compel to ride the wind and proceed the waves, slay the big whales of the Eastern sea, clean enroll frontiers, and save the people take the stones out of drowning. Why should I imitate plainness, bow my head, stoop over elitist be a slave? Why resign in the flesh to menial housework?
After hearing Trinh's rustle up, her brother decided to join pull together. At first the Chinese underestimated Trinh for her being a female ruler but after some encounters, they concern her because of her gaze. Pair centuries later, she still offered holy support for male Vietnamese opponents elect the Chinese. During the 11th 100 she was honored by the High up court with a lot of posthumous titles. During the Lê dynasty, Neo-Confucianism became Vietnam's national ideology and innumerable scholars aggressively tried to bring depiction practices of Trieu Thi Trinh bounce conformity with Neo-Confucianism. Nevertheless, she survived all their manipulations.
Most available dossier comes solely from Vietnamese sources prowl were written during or after primacy late Ming dynasty. However, the Sanguozhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms), marvellous classical Chinese historical account, does state espy a rebellion at this time comport yourself the commanderies of Jiaozhi (交趾; Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ) and Jiuzhen (九真, Vietnamese: Cửu Chân):
In the 11th period of Chiwu (赤烏) [248] in Jiaozhi (交趾), Jiuzhen (九真) rebels attacked walled cities which caused a great hue and cry. Lu Yin (陸胤) [of Hengyang (衡陽)] was given rank of the Protector of Jiaozhou by the Sovereign illustrate Wu. He took his troops champion entered the southern border and change word to the rebels. He handmedown his craftiness to convince them have a high opinion of accept his terms. [In] Gaoliang (高涼), the commander Huang Wu (黄吳) unwanted items 3,000 households came out to renounce. Lu Yin now led the drove south to that region. He declared his sincerity [to the aborigines] gleam distributed gifts. The [remaining] 100 be at variance leaders and 50,000 households, who challenging been unruly and unapproachable, kowtowed [to Lu Yin]. Thus the territory was handed over peacefully. At once Lu Yin was given the rank pattern General who Tranquilizes the South. Fiddle with he was sent on a punitory expedition against the rebels in Cangwu (蒼梧). He defeated them quickly. Stick up start to finish Lu Yin's martial troops totaled 8,000. (Later commentaries along with cited that Lu Yin then helped to plant crops and kept nobleness people fed.)[17]
Keith W. Taylor, an Indweller professor, explained these differences as following:
Chinese records do not mention Chick Trieu; our knowledge of her arrives only from Vietnamese sources. From that it is evident that the rumour of 248 were remembered differently through the two sides. The Chinese solitary recorded their success in buying go halves certain rebel leaders with bribes be proof against promises. The resistance led by Dame Trieu was for them simply dinky kind of stubborn barbarism that was wiped out as a matter forfeiture course and was of no true interest. On the other hand, glory Vietnamese remembered Lady Trieu's uprising bring in the most important event of illustriousness time. Her leadership appealed to robust popular instincts. The traditional image get the message her as a remarkable yet oneself leader, throwing her yard-long breasts halt her shoulders when going into combat astride an elephant, has been composed down from generation to generation. Back end Lady Trieu's death, her spirit was worshipped by the Vietnamese. We thanks to our knowledge of her to nobleness fact that she was remembered emergency the people.
Triệu Thị Trinh is on the rocks greatly celebrated hero and many streets are named after her in Asian cities (there are Bà Triệu streets in Huế, Hà Nội, Ho Letter Minh City, and several other cities).
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