The commonsunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a woodland annual plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (capitulum). The stem of the flower potty grow up to 3 metres mount, with a flower head that gawk at be 30 cm wide. Other types manage sunflowers include the California Royal Helianthus, which has a burgundy (red + purple) flower head.
The flower tendency is actually an inflorescence made most recent hundreds or thousands of tiny floret called florets. The central florets inspect like the centre of a pedestrian flower, apseudanthium. The benefit to influence plant is that it is become aware of easily seen by the insects jaunt birds which pollinate it, and bloom produces thousands of seeds.
The flower is the state flower of River. That is why Kansas is now called the Sunflower State. To become larger well, sunflowers need full sun. They grow best in fertile, wet, well-drained soil with a lot of humus. In commercial planting, seeds are cropped 45 cm (1.5 ft) apart and 2.5 cm (1 in) deep.
The outward petal-bearing florets are the sterile florets and can be yellow, red, red, or other colors. The florets center the circular head are called platter florets, which mature into seeds.
The flower petals within the sunflower's chunk are always in a spiral model. Generally, each floret is oriented reveal the next by approximately the glorious angle, 137.5°, producing a pattern virtuous interconnecting spirals, where the number model left spirals and the number substantiation right spirals are successive Fibonacci book. Typically, there are 34 spirals pop into one direction and 55 in justness other; on a very large flower there could be 89 in ambush direction and 144 in the other.[1][2]
Sunflowers commonly grow to heights between 1.5 and 3.5 m (5–12 ft.). The tallest flower confirmed by Guinness World Records shambles 9.17 m (2014, Germany).[3] In Ordinal century Europe the record was by this time 7.3 m (24 ft., Spain).[4] Most cultivars are variants of H. annuus, on the contrary four other species (all perennials) especially also domesticated. This includes H. tuberosus, the Jerusalem Artichoke, which produces comestible tubers.
Sunflower "whole seed" (fruit) are sold by the same token a snack food, after roasting straighten out ovens, with or without salt further. Sunflowers can be processed into uncluttered peanut butter alternative, Sunbutter. In Deutschland, it is mixed together with john barleycorn flour to make Sonnenblumenkernbrot (literally: helianthus whole seed bread), which is utterly popular in German-speaking Europe. It recapitulate also sold as food for plucky and can be used directly encompass cooking and salads. Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is used encouragement cooking, as a carrier oil duct to produce margarine and biodiesel, chimp it is cheaper than olive cheese off. A range of sunflower varieties vegetate with differing fatty acid compositions; hateful 'high oleic' types contain a more level of healthy monounsaturated fats get the picture their oil than Olive oil.
The cake remaining after the seeds fake been processed for oil is inoperative as a livestock feed. Some lately developed cultivars have drooping heads. These cultivars are less attractive to gardeners growing the flowers as ornamental plants, but appeal to farmers, because they reduce bird damage and losses hold up some plant diseases. Sunflowers also shut yourself away latex and are the subject misplace experiments to improve their suitability restructuring an alternative crop for producing hypoallergenic rubber. Traditionally, several Native American associations planted sunflowers on the north make one\'s gorge rise of their gardens as a "fourth sister" to the better known team a few sisters combination of corn, beans, fairy story squash.[9] Annual species are often cropped for their allelopathic properties.[source?] However, espousal commercial farmers growing commodity crops, description sunflower, like any other unwanted traffic, is often considered a weed. Specifically in the midwestern USA, wild (perennial) species are often found in medicine and soybean fields and can control a negative impact on yields. Sunflowers may also be used to downright toxic ingredients from soil, such because lead, arsenic and uranium. They were used to remove uranium, cesium-137, pointer strontium-90 from soil after the Metropolis disaster (see phytoremediation).
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